A New Theory of Dinosaur Evolution

Its not often that a scholarly paper about dinosaur evolution shakes up the world of paleontology and is covered in major publications like The Atlantic and The New York Times. But that is exactly what has happened with a paper published in the British magazine Nature, A New Hypothesis of Dinosaur Relationships and Early Dinosaur Evolution, by Matthew Baron, David Norman and Paul Barrett, on March 22, 2017. What makes this paper so revolutionary? To grasp this requires a quick briefing on the currently existing, widely accepted theory about the origin and evolution of dinosaurs. According to this scenario, the first dinosaurs evolved from archosaurs about 230 million years ago, during the late Triassic period, in the part of the supercontinent Pangea that corresponds to modern-day South America. These first, small, relatively undifferentiated reptiles then split off into two groups over the next few million years: saurischian, or lizard-hipped, dinosaurs, and ornithischian, or bird-hipped, dinosaurs. Saurischians include both plant-eating sauropods and meat-eating theropods, while ornithischians comprise everything else (stegosaurs, ankylosaurs, hadrosaurs, etc.). The new study, based on a lengthy, detailed analysis of dozens of dinosaur fossils, presents a different scenario. According to the authors, the ultimate ancestor of dinosaurs originated not in South America, but in the part of Pangea roughly corresponding to modern-day Scotland (one proposed candidate is the obscure, cat-sized   Saltopus). The first true dinosaur, moreover, is proposed to be Nyasasaurus, which originated  in the part of Pangea corresponding to modern-day Africa--and which lived 247 million years ago, ten million years earlier than previously identified first dinosaurs like Eoraptor. More importantly, the study completely rearranges the lowest branches of the dinosaur family tree. In this account, dinosaurs are no longer divided into saurischians and ornithischians; rather, the authors propose a group called Ornithoscelidae (which lumps in theropods along  with ornithischians) and a redefined Saurischia (which now includes sauropods and the family of meat-eating dinosaurs called herrerasaurs, after the early South American dinosaur Herrerasaurus). Presumably, this classification helps account for the fact that many ornithischian dinosaurs possessed theropod-like characteristics (bipedal postures, grasping hands, and in some species, even feathers), but its further implications are still being worked out. How important is all this for the average dinosaur enthusiast? Despite all the hype, not very. The fact is that the authors are looking back to a very opaque time in dinosaur history, when the earliest branches of the dinosaur family tree had yet to be established, and when it would have been virtually impossible for an observer on the ground to distinguish between a profusion of  two-legged archosaurs, two-legged theropods, and two-legged ornithischians. Turn the clock ahead tens of millions of years to the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, and everything pretty much remains unchanged--Tyrannosaurus Rex is still a theropod, Diplodocus is still a sauropod, all is right with the world. How have other paleontologists reacted to the publication of this paper? There is widespread agreement that the authors have done careful, detailed work, and that their conclusions deserve to be taken seriously. However, there are still some objections being voiced about the quality of the fossil evidence, especially as it pertains to the earliest dinosaurs, and most scientists agree that additional, confirming evidence will be needed before books on dinosaur evolution have to be rewritten. In any case, it will take years for this research to filter out to the general public, so theres no need to worry just yet about how to pronounced ornithoscelidae.

Essay Aging and Disability Worksheet - 1522 Words

Aging and Disability Worksheet Part 1 Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population 1. Health 2. Job security 3. Lack of respect from the younger youth 1. What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is a negative bias against a person or group of people on the grounds of age. Ageism or age discrimination is stereotyping against individuals or groups because of their age. It is usually focused on two targets: young adults and older adults, but it can affect any employee of any age. It shows in many researches that women are likely to experience the effect of such action before the age of 21 and the age of 40, as with men that are under the age of 18 and over the age of 50.†¦show more content†¦Women also has a disadvantage because they are the ones that give childbirth and most stay home and be housewife’s. Part 2 1. What does the ADA provide for people with disabilities? The ADA is â€Å"American’s with Disabilities Act. It makes it illegal to discriminate based on disability in several areas of life. It forbids discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, and service rendered by the state and even the local government. This law helps people with epilepsy, spinal cord injuries, and even Aids and many more disabilities that are covered under this act. A person that is in a wheelchair has the same rights that people that can walk them just need accommodations that will help them get the job done. There are many disabilities that are over looked in the work place and this act helps the disabled keep the job (http://www.ada.gov/). 2. How have people with disabilities been treated in the past? I feel that people with disabilities have been treated without respect in the past. It isn’t their fault that they are disabled. Many insurance companies would not even pay medical bills for someone that is disabled in the past, it was a fighting battle. And many people that would see someone that is missing a leg or their face is deformed, people would stare and laugh at them, which would is worse for them to deal with their disabilities. Many mean people would call people names with disabilities like â€Å"Freak†,Show MoreRelatedAging and Disability Worksheet1334 Words   |  6 PagesAssociate Program Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1. Loss of loved ones 2. Mobility 3. Discrimination due to age Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢ What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is prejudice against a group who is of old age and discriminated against solely based on theirRead MoreAging and Disability Worksheet1910 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Associate Program Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1. Health Issues 2. Income and Economic Welfare 3. Neglect and Abuse Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is a form of discrimination and prejudice, particularly experienced by seniors. Most seniorsRead MoreAging and Disability Worksheet Part I Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesAssociate Program Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1. Ageism 2. Social isolation 3. Retirement Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢ What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is a form of discrimination. Ageism is being prejudice against someone because of their age. NormallyRead MoreDiversity Worksheet1946 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ Appendix I Aging and Disability Worksheet University of Phoenix ETH/125 Rob Fralick February 23, 2014 Associate Program Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1 Health 2 Income 3 Lonliness Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is prejudice and discriminationRead MoreEssay on Eth125 R8 Disability Diversity1763 Words   |  8 PagesAssociate Program Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1. Lack of security for the future (social security dwindling) 2. Unable to afford being able to retire 3. Being alone Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢ What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is prejudice or discriminationRead MoreHotel/Motel Market Analysis 23903 Words   |  16 Pagessoftware for developing hotel and motel financial projections are available through University of Wisconsin-Extension Center for Community Economic Development. Conducting Your Analysis The sections that follow include data collection checklists and worksheets. While the section on projecting occupancy and average room rate should be the final step, the other sections can be completed in any order. Remember that your efforts in studying the market will provide you with information to make better,Read MoreDaily Physical Activity Can Improve Exercise Tolerance And Functional Capacity5823 Words   |  24 Pagestest for evidence-based practice. Introduction Over six million American’s have a diagnosis of heart failure with a projected 670,000 new cases per year (Braunwald, 2012). People over the age of 70 carry the greatest burden of chronic disease, disability, and health care use (Guralnik, Leveielle, Hirsch, Ferrucci, Fried, 1997). Participation in physical activity is crucial for health, and walking accounts for much of the physical activity undertaken by sedentary individuals and those with chronicRead MoreEvaluating The Viability Of A Business Idea By Providing An Overview4953 Words   |  20 Pagesfirst five years, Stacy’s Helping Hand plans to operate in the Central Valley. The store, located in central Porterville, serves the different neighboring cities and counties. The target market is those requiring special assistance, because of disabilities or age preventing them from doing everyday living tasks. Why Stacy’s Helping Hand for Special Needs? The aisles at many stores, especially Wal-Mart, constantly cluttered and located too close together, making it difficult for consumers to shopRead MoreContent Analysis of Focus Group Data7519 Words   |  31 Pagesself through change. Focus group research is established as a method for gaining in-depth understanding of the perceptions of individuals within a group. In this format, individual participants share their perceptions of everyday phenomena such as aging, emergencies, sports events, or interventions (Hu, Rao, Hu, SC Sur, 2007; Jones, Richeson, Croteau, Farmer, 2009). Morgan (1996) describes the advantage of focus group research as the learning that is achieved through moderated group interactionRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagestechnology or health care. The increase in the technology jobs is due to the rapid increase in the use of information technology, such as databases, system design and analysis, and desktop publishing. The health care jobs are growing as a result of the aging of the U.S. population and workforce, a factor discussed later. Chapter 1 Changing Nature of Human Resource Management 5 FIGURE 1—1 The 10 Occupations with the Fastest Employment Growth, 1996—2006 Numbers in Thousands of Jobs Occupation Database

Henry Ford Essay Research Example For Students

Henry Ford Essay Research Henry Ford was known for mass producing cars and for the first time the average family had the chance to own one. Henry was born to the name Henry William Ford. His parents William and Mary Litigot Ford were married in 1862 waiting just one year to have Henry as their first born on July 30, 1863 in Springwells Michigan a suburb of Dearborn. His childhood was an average for a farm boy. He went to a couple of different farm schools through out his boyhood. When he was not studying he working on the farm or reading one of his fathers McGruffy Readers just for fun. Just like any boy he did not like to work on the farm, but instead of not doing it he did it while day dreaming of building a machine that would cut work time dramatically. For his birthday at the age of twelve he was given a watch. It was not long after that he started to take it apart, study it, then put it back together. When people noticed how good a job he did on his own watch people gave him theirs to fix. One day when his father approached him and asked Henry why he was doing it for free he said, Why should I charge when I enjoy doing it so much. He fixed watches until 17 when he left school and walked to Detroit to get a job at Michigan Car Works making repairs for $1.10 a day. He then received a apprenticing job at Dry Dock Engine Company where he was a natural at designing engines and repairing them. After mastering the machinists trade he went back home to go to a small business college for three months. At home he met and courted Clara Bryant a daughter of a neighboring farmer. They were wed on April 11, 1888. Their home was on a 40 acre farm his father had given him. He was not happy working on a farm and Clara knew it. So she insisted on them moving to Detroit whether or not he had a job. Luckily he found a job fairly quickly and he began doing what he loved and wanted to do build cars. He designed and built a car in a shed behind his house on Bagley Avenue. People were in awe when he would ride about town almost bragging that he had built a car. Soon after he was working as chief engineer at Detroit Edison Co. making $1,800 a year; an extremely high salary for the 90s. At the same time business man after business man approached Henry offering him great sums of money to build their cars in his spare time. In 1901 Henry and many investors started the Henry Ford Company with $60,000. This project was short lived though because of disagreements with Ford and investors. After a short time he met Alex Malcomson and started the Ford ; Malcomson Company but again the company failed because of money troubles. After another short time he met James Couzens. In June 1901 with Alex, James, and eight other investors Henry started the Ford Motor Company. Ford made Couzens in charge of money, Malcomson in charge of production, and Ford himself began designing the cars. With $100,000 of capital Ford was soon to produce the Fordmobile, later know as the Model A, on the market for $850. Utility, not beauty was Fords aim, but the Model A was not an instant success.This did not faze Ford he was quick in introducing the Model B for $2,000. Again the B was not an instant success. So Ford presented the Model C a cheaper more reliable Model B. The C did catch on. Ford then moved his company to much bigger pl ant and produced five more cars. In 1908 Henry began designing the T. He introduced it to the public, the demand became so great he had to create mass production. It was to become Fords best known car, a noisy, uncomfortable, unattractive , but efficient automobile (Current Biography 218). After a half a million Ts on the road it was center of jokes and cartoons which Ford recognized as good advertising. The company was then worth $2,000,000. Due to the workers reports of demoralizing speed and monotony, nobody wanted to work for Ford. Lawyers wanted to get into the act finding workers that would be willing to sue Ford. Henry then made an unprecedented announcement in January 1914 that workers would make a minimum wage of $5.00 a day for an eight hour work day. These reports ended as quickly as they started. One immediate result of the new wage announcement was the appearance of hundreds of workers clamoring for work. Many were dispersed when a fire hose was turned on them. .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f , .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f .postImageUrl , .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f , .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f:hover , .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f:visited , .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f:active { border:0!important; } .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f:active , .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Geology of The Massif Montgris EssayFord was not in favor of war. Though when asked by President Wilson to help in building war ships for the first World War he was quick to do it. He built motors, cylinders, caisons, steel helmets, and Eagle boats. In 1919 he was also called an anarchist by the Chicago Tribune who wrote a column in their paper stating that Ford was against the expedition into Mexico in pursuit of Villa. The suit was found in Fords favor and he was awarded six cents in damages. The Dearborn Independent, a paper that Ford owned, started to publish attacks on Jews collectively and individually stating that they were going to take over the world. From thi s he was called a Nazi and an anti-Semite. He later retracted through the paper and a pamphlet and asked for forgiveness and friendship with the Jews. On December 31, 1918 Henry Ford resigned from the company presidency in favor of his son, Edsel Ford. Couzens and Malcomson did the same and in turn Henry bought all the remaining stock for his family. Henry retired as a trustee in the motor company living with his wife on a farm in Dearborn for many years. In 1943 the entire Ford empire shook. Edsel Ford died. Henry then took over the company on account of Edsels son Henry II not yet experienced enough to run the company. On April 7, 1947 Henry Ford died. Known for making a low priced, high quality automobile and introducing mass production into the car market Henry revolutionized the automobile industry. In just a few days marking the fiftieth anniversary of his death everyone should look back and see just how he made the world a better place to live in by just making a inexpensive automobile.

1920s and the Great Depression free essay sample

Great Depression contrasted each-other in many ways when it came to the economy, social, and politics. In the 1920’s the economy was at its high point. The unemployment rate was below 5% and new inventions were coming out all the time. People could always go out and have a good time whether it was a baseball game or going to the movies. By the end of the 1920’s and into the great depression, people were lucky if you could do these things once a year. During the great depression 30% of people in the United States were without a job and the economy had hit rock bottom. The economy during the 1920’s was at its high point with new inventions, people could afford everything because of installment plans, and almost everyone was invested in the stock market. In the 1920’s many new things were coming out. Radios allowed people to listen to music or sports games, assembly lines helped to make new products faster and cheaper, Airplanes were being flown from country to country, and Traffic Lights were being used to help control traffic. We will write a custom essay sample on 1920s and the Great Depression or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even simple things like cheeseburgers or toasters were invented at this time and it was all helping the economy boom. This was also when installment plans came out. Installment plans are credit systems where payment for merchandise/items is made in installments over a pre-approved period of time. Because of this, people could afford everything and pay it back at a later time. Installment plans were especially helpful in purchasing things like the Ford Model T Car. The stock market also played a huge role during this time. People were buying stocks and were almost certainly guaranteed to make more money. Almost everyone at this time was invested in the stock market and some had their whole life savings put into it. It was a get rich quick system that no one expected to fail. They probably should have been a bit more cautious. The economy during the great depression was completely opposite from the 1920s. The stock market had crashed, bank failures left people with no money, and the domino effect of purchasing goods made people lose even more jobs. One of the biggest reasons the economy was booming in the 1920s was because of the stock market, until it crashed. Two months after the original crash in October, stockholders had lost more than $40 billion dollars. Even though the stock market began to regain some of its losses, by the end of 1930, it just was not enough and America truly had entered the Great Depression. The crash of the stock market left people scrambling for their money. Because of this, throughout the great depression over 9,000 banks failed. Bank deposits were uninsured and thus as banks failed people simply lost their savings. Surviving banks, unsure of the economic situation and concerned for their own survival, stopped being as willing to create new loans. This caused lots of people to be without much money and they just couldnt afford to spend money on things they didnt need. Because of this individuals from all classes stopped purchasing items. This then led to a reduction in the number of items produced and then a reduction in jobs because companies couldnt afford to keep their employees. As people lost their jobs, they were unable to keep up with paying for items they had bought through installment plans and they lost these things. The unemployment rate skyed up to 30% which meant even less spending for people. The economy had hit rock bottom and the great depression left people without money, jobs, and in a lot of cases their house. In the ‘roaring twenties’ social life was changing rapidly with things like baseball games, movies, and new types of music. Baseball is what people call ‘americas pastime’ because anyone could afford it and it was for any and all people. Baseball got really popular during this time and attendance was at its highest. Also during this time people were turning to movies as new forms of movies were being made. Movies werent short anymore and in most cases now had audio. People were fascinated by this and movies became a very popular thing in the 1920s. Lastly, new forms of music were also coming out. The â€Å"jazz age† featured many new artists and a new form of music called ‘jazz’ that was very fun and later turned into ‘pop’. Because of new inventions like the radio people could listen to Jazz at all times and it became VERY popular. During the great depression though, people could no longer afford all these things so social life began to change. People could maybe afford to see a movie once a year. Baseball attendance was at its lowest because people simply couldnt afford it anymore. Most people still had a radio to listen to music but it wasnt the same as going out to watch an artist. The great depression forced a lot of people to not have this type of entertainment anymore because of how poor everyone had become. In the 1920s, all the presidents were good and the economy was booming. Also during this time, new laws were coming out which all helped further the economy and help make United States a better country after world war one. The Palmer raids, the Red Scare, a drive to get â€Å"reds out of the country† began on January 3, 700 people were arrested. Shortly after this the 18th Amendment went into effect, prohibiting the making, selling, possessing, and drinking of alcoholic beverages. This would then be repealed in 1933. By the 1920s, many Americans had grown tired of war and constant attempts at reform, including numerous attempts to pass moral legislation. Many people wanted a simpler way of life. Warren G. Hardings policy was a return to normalcy which helped him win the 1921 election. In 1924 after Hardings death, Calvin Coolidge would win the election by a landslide and helped the economy out further. Four years later in 1928 Herbert Hoover won the election promising to build upon the booming economy Coolidge had left. He would then remain the president until the great depression. During the great depression people wanted someone to blame and Hoover was the one people chose to because he was the President. Because of this president FDR won the next election easily as he promised a new start. Immediately FDR got to work in restoring the economy with the 1st new deal. These series of economic programs he initiated between 1933 and 1936 had the goals of giving work to the unemployed, reform of business and financial practices. He would then get to work on a second new deal which included labor union support, the WPA relief program, the Social Security Act, and programs to aid farmers. Because of these things he was able to get people jobs, the unemployment rate was cut in half by 1936 and in 1942 was down to less than 3%. FDR had restored faith in the economy and the country was back up and strong. The 1920s and the great depression were far different from each other in lots of ways. The economy had gone from the best it had ever been to the worst in just a few years and the economy was at its low point. For 10 years 30 percent of people in America were without jobs and many people didnt even have a place to live. FDR helped establish the economy again and by 1946 the country was in top shape. Only a percent of people were without jobs and United States and the economy was restored.

Role of the Press in Civil Rights

A Review of the Major Plays of Chikamatsu essays

A Review of the Major Plays of Chikamatsu essays Chikamatsu Monzaemon was born in Echizen, Japan in 1653 with the name of "Sugimore Nobumori" and was to become perhaps the greatest dramatist in the history of the Japanese theater. Most of his early history is unknown. His father, a samurai, gave up his feudal responsibilities in the late 1660s and moved the family to Kyoto. As a teenager Chikamatsu may have been introduced to the theater while serving in a nobleman's house. He probably met an actor of joruri or Puppet Theater. Chikamatsu is often compared to Shakespeare. Although there are many differences in their writings, like Shakespeare, Chikamatsu has become known as a great playwright of the distant past. A major difference in their writings is that Shakespeares dramas revolve around nobles and important people in his society. Chikamatsu writes about the common people of his era and recent history. The author, Donald Keene, says that another big difference in their writing is that Chikamatsu mainly wrote for the puppet theater. The fantastic feats that his characters carry out are more believable when acted out by puppets rather than live actors like Shakespeares. The special demands of this theater obliged Chikamatsu to conceive his plays in a manner which sometimes weakens their literary value: spectacular scenes of mayhem or superhuman feats may be intensely exciting when seen in a puppet performance, but when read as one reads a Western play they often seem absurdly exaggerated. (1) Author of 110 joruri and 30 kabuki plays, he profoundly influenced the development of the modern Japanese theater. His works combine comedy and tragedy, poetry and prose, and scenes of combat, torture, and suicide. Most of Chikamatsu's domestic tragedies are based on actual events. In 1705, Chikamatsu moved to Osaka where he became a writer for Takemoto Gidayu's puppet theatre. He remained in Osaka until his death in 1725. Chikamatsu wrote most of hi...

Family violence because Alcohol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Family violence because Alcohol - Essay Example Although scientifically it can be proven that alcohol abuse directly causes violence, aggressors have, in some cases, used their drug and alcohol abuse as a scapegoat to cause ferocities in their homestead with different motives. The justification of violence as caused by alcohol still revolves around the claim that alcohol, in one way or the other, causes family violence. It is also both logical and sound to say that family violence may cause alcohol abuse. It is, therefore, the cause-effect cycle that spins around family life. Alcohol directly causes family violence. According to the behaviorist perspective, alcohol abuse is an act that is learnt just the same way an individual acquires the skills of riding a bicycle. The environment in which a person is socialized influences an individual into acquiring certain behaviors that can turn out to be accepted or rejected socially. In many societies, drinking of alcohol is not abhorred but getting irresponsible after the drinks is. The outcome of alcohol abuse is what makes alcohol depraved. As a matter of fact, aggression and violence are some of the salient behaviors that persons exhibit whenever they are drunk. McMurran (2013) argues that alcohol may not, sometimes, be a direct cause of violence in families but it creates volatile conditions that make violence becomes inevitable. One way this is possible is the financial burden that comes with alcohol drinking. In many countries, there have been changes in policies that regulate alcohol drinking, perhaps, with the aim of reducing its consumption. T he strategy has been implemented through hiking the taxes that are imposed on alcoholic products. It then trickles down to the consumer who has to pay high amounts of money so they may get their beloved drinks. Since addicted alcoholics have to take their sips every day, they are forced to either

Haven't decided yet, need professional advice for it Dissertation

Haven't decided yet, need professional advice for it - Dissertation Example The researcher has used qualitative research methodology in order to address the key research problems. Theoretical arguments of various research scholars have been used in order to develop theoretical argument in the paper. Market research report on Chinese consumer behaviour towards Smartphone and previous research works on the topic have been used in order to conduct the qualitative data analysis. The researcher found that individual attributes such as cash back offer, EMI schemes, wide screen size, touch sensitivity, HD quality movie watching facility, gaming options, availability of applications, metallic body, practical usable functions in Smartphone can influence purchasing decision and brand loyalty among Chinese Smartphone users. Lack of use of primary data to analyze consumer behaviour regarding particular product attribute is major limitation for the study. Findings of this research paper can be used by future Smartphone marketers in order to enhance brand loyalty among Ch inese customers by influencing their purchasing decisions. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Chapter 1: Introduction 7 1.1. Purpose of the Research 9 1.2 Research Questions 9 Chapter 2: Smartphone Industry in China 10 Chapter 3: Literature Review 11 3.1 Introduction 11 3.2 Price 12 3.3 Design 13 3.4: Applications 15 3.5: Flexibility 17 3.6 Motivation 19 3.7 Conclusion 21 Chapter 4: Research Methodology 22 4.1 Introduction 22 4.2 Research Approach 22 4.3 Research Strategy 22 4.3.1 Phenomenology 23 4.3.2 Ethnography 24 4.3.3 Grounded Theory 24 4.3.4 Case Study and Literature Review 24 4.4 Philosophical Underpinnings 25 4.5 Qualitative Data Analysis 27 4.6 Ethical Consideration 27 4.7 Conclusion 28 Chapter 5: Analysis and Interpretation 28 5.1 Introduction 28 5.3 Price Benefits 35 5.4 Superior Design 36 5.5 Application and Flexibility 37 5.6 Motivation 40 5.7 Conclusion 41 Chapter 6: Conclusion, Recommendation and Limitation 42 6.1 Managerial Implications 44 6.2 Future Recommendati ons for Researchers 45 6.3 Limitations 45 Appendices 54 Appendix 1: Gantt chart 54 List of Figures Figure No. Figure Name Page No. 1 2004-2010 Sales of Smartphone in China 30 2 Smartphone OS Market Share in China-2011 31 3 Business Performance of Chinese Carriers 32 4 Mobile Phone Market Share in China 33 5 Smartphone Market Share in China 33 6 Smartphone Price Decline in China 34 7 Flexible Smartphone Use by Chinese Customers 39 8 Location wise Smartphone Use by Chinese Customers 40 List of Tables Table No. Table Name Page No. 1 Star Tinji i9300 versus Samsung Galaxy S3 38 Chapter 1: Introduction In recent times, advent of latest technologies have completely revolutionized the mobile phone manufacturing industry, marketer’s perception regarding use of mobile phone as potential marketing tool and most importantly consumer’s perception about mobile phone applications (Wei and Lo, 2006). According to Wei and Lo (2006), mobile phones manufacturers have transformed the mob ile phone from being a device for communication to a device which is capable of virtual mobility, able to personalize social interaction and able to offer multiple applications which can help customers to perform their task in more responsive and customized manner. From the technological perspectives, transformed version of mobile phones which is basically a multimedia machine is known as Smartphone. Wei and

What is Enlightenment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What is Enlightenment - Essay Example Kant refers to those who have taken the role of reasoning for the rest of the lazy society as â€Å"benevolent guardians†. Kant argues that freedom is the most fundamental ingredient for enlightenment. He states further that hindrances to enlightenment were not only individual-imposed but also societal. Religion and laws were among the many ways in which society restricted free-thinking among the people. Religion and laws to some point offered threats to people to bar them from practicing free-thinking. However, there came a time when some few individuals started seeking ways to remove the societal obstacles to enlightenment. Kant calls this period â€Å"an age of enlightenment† and it occurred in the late eighteenth century. Kant believes that as the society allowed more freedom to the people, the people became more enlightened. He, therefore, defines enlightened age as the age when the people started practicing freedom of rational thinking and self-determination pursuit. According to Kant, in as much as he did agree to some point that revolution could bring freedom, there are many other ways to freedom. He states that revolution only replaced â€Å"old prejudices ones†. He says that to experience harmony whereby the society functions optimally, individuals needed to narrow their reason to the betterment of their societal roles. He believed that this was necessary as far as harmony was required, and indeed it is required and he referred to it as the private reason. Kant elaborates this by giving an example of an office concentrating on a law instead of obedience to it. Kant further states that private reason is counterbalanced by public reason. In public reason, individuals do not have the freedom to think and act on their own. They depend on scholars who practice the private reason for ideas and thoughts. He illustrates that â€Å"private reasoning makes one pay tax whereas

McDonalds Leadership and Management

McDonalds Leadership and Management When McDonalds opened its doors for business, a new trend of fast food emerged in California, back in 1954. Ray Kroc laid the foundation of what is now one of the worlds leading food retailers. McDonalds has more than 32,000 restaurants in more than 100 countries serving more than 60 million people every day. Catering to such a large customer base and extending its roots in other countries was not an easy task, strong values and effective management were the prerequisites required to make the company where it stands today. Since its inception, McDonalds has been actively engaged in innovating and building strong customer relations. From a chain of few restaurants to franchisees and drive thru restaurants, McDonalds has lived up to its promise of maintain convenience for its customers. Highlighting the key success areas, McDonalds label the experience as the major determinant (Long, 2006). The core part of their business is QSC V. QSC V stand for quality, service, cleanliness and values. Emphasis on these factors with effective implementation through four management functions is what constitutes the major ingredients for McDonalds success. Functions of Management Management is creative problem solving with the desired result of using organizational resources in a way that accomplishes its mission and objectives. These results are obtained by four management functions to which we turn next in context with the McDonalds. Planning is the ongoing process of developing the business mission and objectives and determining how they will be accomplished. McDonalds shares its ideas through its well developed vision. This vision statement serves as the binding glue between the employees worldwide. They all aim to serve their customers by giving them the best quality products at their convenience. This vision statement clearly indicates the future of the organization. At McDonalds every employee knows where they are heading towards and what their individual contribution. The vision acts as the binding force which gives the employees a sense of purpose and commitment. The second aspect of planning is to have a clear defined mission. McDonalds mission statement is to be our customers favorite place and way to eat (Dentch, 2009). This mission defines their business and their place in the life of its customers. Planning at McDonalds identify the goals and objectives and develop their strategies and tasks to accomplish these goals. Planning at McDonalds is aligned with the changes in the external environment; it also faced many challenges like local taste of people, cultural values, and traditions of specific area in which they want to enter. The planning process maintained the core values at all franchisees, however the local demands were taken into account to indulge in their culture completely. Strategies were modified to suit the needs of the area in which they entered. This was reflected in the operations as well as the resource utilization. One aspect that highlights McDonalds effective planning is how they manage their supply chains. Timely delivery and quality raw materials were the result of establishing good relations with the supply chain partners. As a result of this strategic planning, McDonalds went into the business of a 24/7 restaurants. This was to match the demands of the all types of customers and to boost the profits by extending the store hours. This was accompanied with introducing breakfast at McDonalds which further added to the menu. McDonalds was now offering all three meals of the day along and was thinking along the lines of adding snacks to the menu. With clearly defined purpose of the business, embedded values that dictate the vision and emphasis on the role of planning, McDonalds is able to achieve sustainable profits. Organizing is establishing the internal organizational structure of the organization. The focus is on division, coordination, and control of tasks and the flow of information within the organization. It is in this function that managers distribute authority to job holders. in todays society it is important that management considers the employees and customers as the most important asset of the organization. Having a rigid structure undermines the creativity of the employees, thus the culture of empowerment and delegation is what currently prevails in the competitive environment. McDonalds uses the collaborative management approach which connects all the global franchisees worldwide under the umbrella of single company name (Long, 2006). Management encourages the practice of working and assisting with each others franchisees to deliver the best to their customers by coping up with external challenges and representing a collaborative responsible culture. In order to ensure consistent q uality, the standards are uniform for all franchises. Thus a centralized structure prevails in terms of training programs, supplies and operations. The formal structure at McDonalds divides the organization in the departments and every individual knows his tasks well at which he needs to be specialized. However, these standard procedures do not give rise to bureaucratic rigidity in the organization; each employee is committed to achieve their goals. The organizational structure chosen supports the performance and is aligned with the strategy of the restaurant of providing consistent quality and great service experience. Leadership at McDonalds, the CEO is seen as the focal point from which the leadership emerges. Jim skinner, the current CEO of McDonalds has been entertained with this title for the past thirty five years (Dentch, 2009). Skinner is said to be an excellent leader with charismatic and transformational leader. He has said to revitalize the organization and introduced a new fast food business with his new vision. The turnaround at McDonalds can be fully attributed to his creative and innovative leadership. He was one of those who introduced plan to win initiative that emphasized the significance of store operations. Having a diverse background and expertise, he adapted strategies to keep his employees motivated and committed. Under his leadership, he places great importance on customer satisfaction; customers come before his employees and restaurants. He promotes creativity but does not let his employees focus the primary motive of his organization. He believes in finding the talent therefore he assigns different tasks to his employees and the best one is awarded and granted with more responsibility. Skinner places importance on values and ethics. When McDonalds was blamed for obesity, he did not hide behind passing on the blame; instead he took actions to positively handle the situation. Thus he can be seen as a moral leader who makes McDonalds a better place for both employees and customers. Controlling at McDonalds is the amalgam of motivated workers and the clear policies which keep them right on the track. The line manager is in charge of keeping the employees working according to the standards. At a broader perspective, every franchise must follow quality standards and abide by the strict supplier policies (Long, 2006). This is to ensure that the brands name is not in danger by irresponsible activities at individual franchise level. McDonalds Corporation believes in training its employees at Hamburger University. This is to ensure that employees are clear about the benchmark and how they modify any shortcomings in their performance to meet these standards. Flexible work schedule, fun loving culture, training and a healthy work life balance is what keeps the employees motivated. Though McDonalds is known for its tight control and bureaucratic structure, it in no way inhibits employee productivity or commitment to the organization. Conclusion McDonalds is a global fast food chain known for its quality food and great customer experience. Through strict and clear policies and under the charismatic leadership of Skinner, McDonalds have been able to build a reputable image in the minds of its consumers. Actively responding to the changing needs of its customers, it has been able to maintain its brand essence along with rising profits. A perfect blend of the four management functions namely, planning, organizing, leading and controlling has been the key driver behind McDonalds success.

Pesticides Essay -- Environment, Pollution

People have been abusing the environment for too long. Americans should not use chemicals without researching and considering serious consequences. Rachel Carson, an aquatic biologist who helped shape the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, wrote an article about the damage chemicals are having on the earth. She presented a great point that most damage Americans are causing to the earth cannot be reversed. These chemicals are left in the air or in the ground for generations (Carson 50). Americans should use environmentally friendly pesticides to reduce pollution and improve human and animal health. One of the main reasons to use environmentally friendly pesticides is to reduce pollution. In an article from National Wildlife, it was found that surface and groundwater pollution is the biggest â€Å"uncontrolled† threat to American water today. This is caused when rain washes the chemicals from pesticides in into streams, lakes, and other bodies of water (Miller, par. 5). It can be very hard to monitor this issue because it is difficult to decide which farmer is using too much or even misusing pesticides (Miller, par.5). One way to reduce pollution from pesticides is to cut back on the amount of pesticides used. Farmers in Iowa were encouraged to reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers on their crops to help stop polluting the groundwater and runoffs. The farmers were over-using fertilizers and pesticides because they were not taking into consideration the fertilizers that were already in the ground from past years. Since the project began, there has been a dec line in nitrate levels in groundwater (Miller, par. 16). If all farmers would adopt this new way of thinking, the water contamination problem would deteriora... ...pesticides that will harm the earth nor eating any pesticides. Like Rachel Carson, all Americans should be very concerned about the impact pesticides are having on the environment and all living creatures. In her conclusion to The Obligation to Endure she says, â€Å"I contend that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil, water, wildlife and man himself. Further generations are unlikely to condone our lack of prudent concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life† (Carson 54). She, as well as many others, recognizes a major issue in current actions with pesticides but is hopeful for the future. A little change in each person can achieve great results. To reduce pollution and improve the health of humans and animals, Americans should only use environmental friendly pesticides.

Prison Health Care Agency Essay

There are many facets in the health care industry. Examples include hospitals, urgent care centers, physicians’ offices, medical labs, and more. One not really spoken about, is the prison health care system. Prison health care is the medical treatment of inmates in the United States Correctional Facilities (Means & Cochran, 2012) this is according to the report. The National Commission on Correctional Health Care (NCCHC) is a federal agency that oversees the medical needs of prisoners. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, â€Å"In 2012, the number of admissions to state and federal prison in the United States was 609,800 offenders (Carson & Golinelli, 2013). With these prison inmate statistics, clearly there is a need for health care in the prison system. The NCCHC is a federal agency that was constructed to improve the quality of health care in the prison setting. The NCCHC was founded in the early 1970’s. The American Medical Association (AMA) executed a study on the conditions of jails. The AMA found â€Å"inadequate, disorganized health services, and a lack of national standards† (National Commission on Correctional Health Care, 2013). The National Commission on Correctional Health Care states their mission is to improve the quality of health care in jails, prisons, and juvenile confinement facilities. They support their mission with the help of other national organizations, mirroring the fields of health, and law and corrections, examples include The American Bar Association, The American Medical Association, The Academy of Pediatrics, and The American Dental Association. The NCCHC cannot fulfill its’ mission without the proper structure within the agency. This organization is comprised of accreditation and facility services, health professional certification, education and conferences, standards and guidelines, and a board of directors from supporting organizations. These supporting organizations play a role in helping the NCCHC fulfill its’ mission and roles for the prison health care system. The board of directors role is ensuring all guidelines are adhered to and assessing the overall direction and strategy of the organization. The NCCHC  has many roles and standards for their organization. One of the most important is patient safety. Put in place are patient safety systems to ensure prisoners are receiving proper care. Another role of NCCHC is continuous quality improvement. Continuous quality improvement is the process of requiring each prison facility to complete a process study on inmates needing health care services. â€Å"Process studies examine the effectiveness of the health care delivery process. Outcome quality improvement studies examine whether expected outcomes of patient care were achieved† (Rechtine, D., 2008). There must be a review in the event of a patient’s death. Proper procedures must be followed. The NCCHC requires health care professionals to continue their education by completing annual certification classes. Initial health assessments must be performed on each new inmate within 7 days of arrival to the facility. These health assessments are to be given by board certified and trained registered nurses or midlevel practitioners, followed by a physician’s review. If a prisoner is at risk for suicide, there is a prevention program in place with treatment plans. Any inmate with special needs requires an individualized treatment plan provided by a doctor. The NCCHC has put in place a chronic disease program for inmates, which requires the physicians to document in a patient’s medical chart, making sure they are following the correct disease procedures. The impact that NCCHC have on health care is one that relates to their mission. The mission, role, and impact has a direct association with each other. Providing quality health care for incarcerated individuals. The commitment to continually improve health care in confinement facilities, to help these correctional facilities in improving their inmate’s health and the communities that they will return to, increase the efficiency of health services delivery, strengthen organizational effectiveness, and reduce the risk of adverse legal judgments (NCCHC, n.d.). â€Å"NCCHC offers a broad range of services and resources to help correctional health care systems provide efficient, effective, and high-quality care† (NCCHC, n.d.). An example of the National Commission on Corrective Health Care carrying out a duty is the commitment to treating inmates in a humane manner. The NCCHC, in partnership with supporting organizations, including the American College of Physicians, the American Medical Association, the American Nursing Association, the American Bar Association, the American Psychological Association, the  American Psych iatric Association, and the American Public Health Association. Through the standards the NCCHC has set, has persistently declared the components of a policy against mistreatment. â€Å"The Standards for Health Services in Prisons (2008) preclude, for example, health staff participation in non-clinically ordered restraint and seclusion, except to monitor health status (P-I-01 Restraint and Seclusion), or in the collection of forensic information (P-I-03 Forensic Information). They require informed consent of the patient for â€Å"all examinations, treatments, and procedures† and recognize the patient’s right to refuse treatment (P-I-05 Informed Consent and Right to Refuse), and protect inmates as subjects in human research (P-I-06 Medical and Other Research)† (NCCHC, 2012). â€Å"Other standards require medical autonomy in clinical decision making (P-A-03 Medical Autonomy), maintenance of confidentiality of health information (P-H-02 Confidentiality of Health Records), and patient privacy (P-A-09 Privacy of Care). NCCHC standards require documentation of patients’ health status at each encounter (P-H-04 Management of Health Records), with special attention to the medical and mental health of inmates under close confinement (P-E-09 Segregated Inmates)† (NCCHC. 2012). In regard to health care, the NCCHC has the best standards of care and are the most recognized and accepted. Medical personnel for the prison system must follow the policies and procedures set in each facility. These policies and procedures allow guidance, standardization, and consistency in practices, a nonfulfillment to comply with these rules and regulations places the nurses, patients, and institutions at risk. The NCCHC has the authority to establish that these policies and procedures are followed by all correctional medical personnel. â€Å"Policy topics are wide ranging. Applicable laws and standards should be incorporated into institutional policies, procedures and protocols for the correctional nurse. For example, they should reflect federal and state regulations for reporting public health concerns, conditions of abuse, rape, communicable diseases, trauma, unexpected and expected deaths and care of the mentally ill. Regarding standards, NCCHC standards address topics such as access to care, quality improvement, grievance mechanisms, patient and staff safety, medication services, screening and assessment, patient restraint and much more† (NCCHC, 2012). The NCCHC has a process for accreditation, certification, and authorization. The NCCHC offers a  voluntary accreditation health services program. They have offered this program since the 1970’s. The NCCHC has standards in place as a guide for any correctional facility to follow. The process of accreditation involves an external peer review to determine if the correctional institutions can meet the standards in their provision of health services. â€Å"The NCCHC renders a professional judgment and assists in the improvement of services provided† (NCCHC, 2012). NCCHC provides an Opioid Treatment Programs (OTP) for accreditation. OTP accreditation allows OTPs to achieve legally required certification from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. â€Å"The only SAMHSA authorized accrediting body that focuses on corrections, NCCHC has developed standards that are based on federal regulations but tailored for this field† (NCCHC, 2012). The NCCHC has accreditation surveyors that are formed of nurses, experienced doctors, health administrators and other health care professionals who have knowledge of the correctional system. The survey team reviews any medical records, including policies and procedures, interviewing of staff personnel, and inmates are included, along with touring the facility. There is an exit conference conducted at the end of the survey to talk over the primary outcomes. Specially trained surveyors visit correctional facilities seeking accreditation to measure compliance with NCCHC standards. These individuals share their time and knowledge because they are committed to the cause of improved quality in correctional health care (NCCHC, 2012). To become an NCCHC surveyor, one must complete 5 years of experience in correctional health care, a CCHP certification (or receiving one in a year), and the drive to participate in preparatory and follow on training. Surveyors must be health care professionals. Examples include, Medical Doctor (MD), Doctor of Optometry (DO), Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD), Nurse Practitioner (NP), Physician Assistant (PA), and Registered Nurse (RN), or have a Master’s degree. The utmost important requirement of a NCCHC surveyor is the need of devotion and obligation to improving the quality of correctional health care. References Carson, A., & Golinelli, D. (2013). Prisoners in 2012: Trends in Admissions and Releases, 1991- 2012. Retrieved from: http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm National Commission for Correctional Health Care. (2012). Promoting Excellence in Health Care: About NCCHC. Retrieved from: http://www.ncchc.org/about/index.html Rechtine, D. (2008). NCCHC’s New Standards and the Role of the Physician. Retrieved from: http://societyofcorrectionalphysicians.org/corrdocs/corrdocs-archives/summer-2008/ ncchcs-new-standards-and-the-role-of-the-physician U.S. Department of Justice. (2012). About the Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved from: http://www.bop.gov/about/index.jsp

Lord Of The Flies Essays (910 words) - English-language Films

Lord Of The Flies Essays (910 words) - English-language Films Lord Of The Flies All humans have free will. All the major characters in Lord of the Flies are human! And to take it one step further they are children. I think this is reason enough to explain why there are significant weaknesses in their personalities, which in the end lead to develop chaos on the island. Most of these weaknesses are exposed through out the book by temptation. When on this island the boys lose sight of sense and being rescued by taking up practices and adventures such as hunting and tribal dances. Take Jack for example, in our modern day society, the kind of child that Jack is would simply be labeled a little snot. He is a arrogant, power thirsting boy who craves stature and knows how to reach the top; he could be compared to a ruthless businessman of our times. If we were to label his personality weaknesses I would easily make the word length requirement for this essay, but when summarized they all come down to evil. In the Lord of the Flies, Jack is indeed responsible for a majority of bad events and trickery. Whether it is stealing fire, even though it would have been given, or leading people away from the one person who wants to help them and get them saved. This to me shows a comparison to Satan and Jesus. In the bible we are told that in order to be saved, (rescued) we are to stay with Jesus. Satan then comes and lures people away with trickery and adventures and makes Jesus despised and a outcast. Jack much like Satan tempted the children to join his camp through games, meat and hunting. Also Ralph much like Jesus offered a stable but fulfilled life through shelters, rules and regulations. Ralph does not impose these rules to be cruel and mean, but so things run in order and everyone is benefited. When comparing Ralph to Jesus it is only in the fact that in order for people to be saved they should follow Ralph, but Jack tempts them and they leave. Because Ralph himself although a better and fairer leader is not at all perfect and has significant weakness in his personality as well. Ralph to falls victim to the temptation of hunting and savagery and on page 188 he joins in with the murder of Simon. Jack invites everyone to his camp for a feast of meat that they gained through a bloody death of a sow. Ralph goes to have a look and is curious through this temptation and then gets caught up in the dance and murder frenzy. In the Lord of the Flies Piggy seems to take up the role of a disabled person, he can never join in and is constantly teased for this reason of simply being different. This creates a extremely low self-esteem problem and this brings out his personality weaknesses. Piggy always has a suggestion at the assemblies and always gives his point of view, by doing this I believe he makes himself venerable and the others take advantage. When Ralph made up the rules of the conch on page 43, Piggy is the first boy to take the conch out of Ralphs hand and say something. To me this shows that for Piggy to gather up confidence he needs to look outside of himself for a source of power. This is shown in chapter 5, Best on Water, when Ralph made a remark about Piggy sticking up to Jack, and Piggy says I had the conch, I had the right to speak without this right I doubt that Piggy would stand up for himself. Piggy lives for the rules and is the only one who truly lives by them and I think this is symbo lized by it being smashed when the massive boulder kills Piggy. Although the Island itself cant be described as a character it is in a way similar. It at first seems perfect like the Garden of Eden and all things function perfectly, or do they? For example in what sort of paradise would the fruit give diarrhea and stomach cramps. Also every time the boys venture inside the jungle it is mentioned that

Supply Chain Management Essay

Supply Chain Management Essay Supply Chain Management Essay Introduction Majors in supply chain management focuses on processes of excellence for the organization. Supply chain management focuses of the flow of information, services and goods that target at delivering maximum value to the organization’s customers. Supply management has the responsibility of supplying services and goods that the organization deals with to the customers. They also manage the transformation and conversion processes that target at converting input to output. Supply chain management functions within the scope of organizing, planning and controlling the flow of bought materials within the organization. The Majors gives close attention to the analysis and selection of vendors, price determination and value analysis. Supply chain Majors also have the responsibility of disposing surplus and scrap materials. It places emphasis on the efficient application and usage of transportation by the management of business within the framework of logistics. Supply chain manages resourc es, procurement, fabrication, production, storage and production. It consists of interconnected components, which are required for the transformation of ideas to delivered services and products. Through execution, Exel operated most part of the supply chain. These traditional activities lowered the costs of storing and moving products and improving the speed of delivery for HM. However, this represents a minute portion of the capabilities of the firm. Using the execution strategy, supply chain did not manage costs and opportunities available to customers. This included opportunities in the matching of supplies and demands. This is where the firm could manage the highest payoff. The planning function of supply chain has the potentials of enabling the firm attain its allocation and purchasing functions. Planning also ensures that the firm has better execution capabilities. Planning eliminates instances of the â€Å"just in case† behaviors that occur in ordering extra inventory. Planning has the potentials of ensuring that the firm’s shipments reach the customers on time. Planning confers deeper knowledge of supply chain, which would result to enormous savings. For instance, the lack of knowledge resulting from failures in execution would strain the firm in realizing the advantages of cost savings arising from consolidated trucks. Planning eliminates risks because of the expansion of the relationship between customers and the firm. Planning enables the exchange of greater stakes in the activities of the firm and its performance. Technology firms have approached Exel for a portion of its financial planning in order to increase their share of savings. Planning increases the confidence of the firm, which enables it exceed expectations. A clear understanding of the strategy will enable the firm move swiftly with its planning strategy. One of the executives at Exel noted that he needed to present a case for moving towards planning strategies for its supply chain. The ability of the execution team to execute the plans developed by the firm plays an enormous role in ensuring that the firm continuously develops creative planning strategies. Execution ensures the firm can lower the cost of storage and transportation and deliver products to customers effectively. The firm should become aware of the potentials of adding operations to its expertise, and to the customer is a planning function. The ability of ensuring smooth planning in allocation and purchasing requires the execution team performs effectively and understands its role. Planning and execution should be carried out jointly to ensure that nothing goes wrong in the supply chain. Professional essay writers at company can provide you with a high-quality custom essay on Supply Chain Management written from scratch!

The power given to judges by judicial review actions and the Human Essay

The power given to judges by judicial review actions and the Human Rights Act 1998 is unreasonable. - Analyse this statement - Essay Example Under certain restricted circumstances, the claimant is entitled to be awarded damages. In addition, the court may pass prohibitory or obligatory orders, restraining the authority from acting unlawfully or to force it to act in a lawful manner.2 As such, judicial review is customarily applicable to the exercise of statutory power, by a public body. It is quite infrequent, in such cases, for a court to disallow judicial review, on the grounds that the exercise of power was unrelated to the discharge of some public function or duty owed to the individual. Issues that in general fall outside the purview of judicial review are those that pertain to the initiation of military action against a hostile nation or the deployment of troops.3 Moreover, a public authority is precluded from breaching the rights provided by the European Convention on Human Rights via Human Rights Act 1998. In R (on the application of A and others) v. Partnerships in Care Ltd, a private mental health institution ha d forcibly restrained the claimant, in accordance with the provisions of the Mental Health Act 1983. The court ruled that this institution was discharging the function of a public authority, as provided for in section 6(3)(b) of the HRA.4 In addition, section 6(1) of the Human Rights Act 1998 requires the principal public authorities to ensure that the Convention rights are not infringed in their functions. In addition, section 6(3)(b) of the Human Rights Act 1998 directs that these public authorities have to ensure that their functions are in compliance with the rights provided by the Convention. The rights provided by the European Convention on Human Rights have largely been frustrated. This is due to the penchant of the courts to interpret section 6(3) of the Human Rights Act 1998, in such a manner that most of the organisations are not classified as a Public Authority. Furthermore, this distressing situation is exacerbated by the fact that the courts have not yet concluded, whet her a regulatory body constitutes a public authority. There are several cases that have challenged the legal effect of Acts of Parliament, in the UK. The decision in Factortame reduced the effectiveness of parliamentary sovereignty. In this case, the House of Lords suspended legislation, in order to establish that EC law had precedence over domestic law. In Jackson and others v Her Majesty’s Attorney General, the plaintiffs contented that the Parliament Act 1949 did not have legal effect as it was not an Act of Parliament. Consequently, the Hunting Act 2004 was also invalid, as it was not an Act of Parliament. This case dealt with whether the judiciary could challenge an Act of Parliament.5 Their Lordships dismissed the plaintiff’s argument and upheld the validity of the Hunting Act. It is indispensable for the courts to recognise the fact that power derived from the constitution is to be apportioned between the various governmental branches. This necessitates an appro ach founded on due deference towards the executive and legislature by the judiciary. It is not possible for supremacy to coexist in this environment.6 All the same, there are several issues, wherein the situation is muddled, due to a plethora of immaterial doctrinal instruments. In Aston Cantlow the House of Lords held that public authorities

Finance Course work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Finance Course work - Essay Example In which, both targets and bidders were greatly influenced by the notion of greater efficiency especially this occurred in the first great merger wave period. In the following M&A history, various studies required the presence of legal and regulatory framework with an aim of solidifying the existence along with prolonging the success stories of M&A. Despite the implementation of regulatory-cum-legal framework, hostile takeovers did take place, leaving the negative impacts on the stock price of the targets. In the subsequent part of this paper, first, M&A definitions are accounted for, which is followed by motives and theories. Subsequent to that, Merger waves periods, legal-cum-regulatory framework are elaborated. Afterwards, strategies and tactics in takeovers, the effects of M&A on firm’s stock price and stock market are explained. Before conclusion, financial objectives and case study about Burlines Group’s acquisition of Telemetry business are incorporated. Numerous definitions for types of combinations of firms have been put forwarded (Frensch, 2007, p.23). Fundamentally, mergers and acquisitions take place when a firm seeking to expand its activities into new products (Boettke, 1994, p.394). Additionally, with the objective of pursuing common economic aims, the combinations of firms come out as a result of a union of legally and economically independent firms by serving the interests of both parties. Collectively, Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) take place when two or more organizations join together in toto or in part of their business operations. However, the difference between mergers and acquisitions are associated particularly with: the relative size of the individual firms in the business combination; management control of the joint business; ownership of the combined business (Coyle, 2000). Coyle (2000) further defines its broadest definition;

Adam Smith Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Adam Smith - Essay Example Advantages of division of labor can be seen in large organizations that have various branches and finally the branches incorporate into one bigger organization. Each branch has its own set of activities that it works on and has perfected. For instance, in a manufacturing organization there could be branches such as finance, production, sales, and marketing among others. Combination of all these branches makes one large organization and bringing together activities from the various branches gives better performance than if these tasks were to be conducted by one body. In his example about pin making, Smith argues that division of labor yields better results that non specialization (Smith, 2007, p. 3). This implies that division of labor is certainly an important aspect in increasing production levels in an organization. Actually, division of labor yields multiples than what would have been produced without division of labor. Combinations of the results presented from division of labor are seemingly unachievable if each person carried out the entire process alone. Borrowing from Smith’s example of pin making, it is evident that sometimes production of one person may not even yield one complete production of a pin per day. The efficiency and change brought about by division of labor is amazing. Increasing number of branches within an organization raises the chances of more production. This implies that breaking down a large organization into various stand-alone branches adds efficiency and consequently increased production. Evidently, countries that have adopted division of labor are more productive. Each person in the society has specific tasks and upon bringing the various different tasks together, the total production of the country is great. For instance, areas with huge chunks of land are used specifically for farming and the people around those areas only dwell in

Cognitive Process Culture Essay Example for Free

Cognitive Process Culture Essay Lamadrid takes into account the mythical or magical dimension of the novel and relates it to the emerging social consciousness of the protagonist. He asserts that Anaya elucidates that the command of Curandera is consequential in nature is derived from mythical though process and it resultant knowledge. These mythical thought processes itself are derived from resolution of the contradiction that is inherent within the culture. So he portrays power as capability to contemplate and comprehend the social processes in a dialectical way. So myth is not something extra-human and acultural phenomenon but it is a cognitive representation of social thought process. This scholarly article facilitates readers to understand the role of Antonio in the context of mythical realism and development of his mature social consciousness at the end of the novel. People resort to Antonio at critical times because they are inherently aware that these mediators have powers that can offer remedies to their maladies. So myth helps understanding the role of Antonio in the society and how this role is established. Mancelos, Joao de. Witchcraft, Initiation and Cultural Identity in Rudolfo Anayas Bless Me, Ultima. Alfarrabio. Retreieved on 12 October 2008. Website: http://alfarrabio. di. uminho. pt/vercial/zips/mancelos21. rtf This article manifests the development of Antonio and how different elements of chicano culture i. e. witchcraft, cultural identity play a vital role in helping him achieving maturity. He considers the role of Ultima and his witchcraft prowess to help Antonio explore his cultural identity. This article elaborates the role of his familial traditions, by his Hispanic lineage and his Catholic religion at an early stage of his life. Later he learned the tussle between Ultima and his religions but prefers Ultima and his witchcraft. All this contribute toward his maturity at the end of the novel. This article explains various developmental stages of Antonio and contribution of various factors during these periods and enables us to understand the contributories toward this development.

John Stuart Mill’s Education Essays -- John Stuart Mill Education Essa

John Stuart Mill’s Education John Stuart Mill’s education was intense at all times, but at different stages in his life he learned different things and in different ways. Though his education was unique by all accounts, it embodied many virtues that modern educational systems strive to include. These include: close parent involvement and one-on-one work between students and teachers; exposure to intellectual role models; emphasis on independent thought, logic, and pursuing curiosities; being held to high standards for achievement; being free from invidious comparisons to peers; and learning the value of seeking out peers for intellectual support and stimulation. He also learned, during personal struggles to understand his relationship with his father and to rediscover passion for life after his mental crisis, that the responsibility for his education and his happiness ultimately lay with himself. Most stunning in his account is what he learns about his father during his process of evaluating the way his father educated him, judging his father’s ideas and abilities, and navigating his relationship with his father over time. During his early childhood Mill’s father tutored him in classical languages and history through structured lessons overseen by his father. His father’s patience encouraged him to ask questions and made him understand that his education was a priority. In retrospect he described his early education as an example of how much can be accomplished in a period of life that is generally wasted. Though he was reading Greek by age three, he attributes his achievements not to his own genius but to his learning environment. While the modern reader is inclined to disbelieve this modest assertion, his unique up... ...his education at different stages of his life, but I think I presented it here much as I read it – which is to say, I’m more inclined to praise Mill’s education than my professor and classmates are. I hope I’ve done a good job of explaining why I think his early education prepared him for everything, even his mental crisis, because I consider that personal struggle a vital part of his education. Learning about oneself and having to provide one’s own meaning for life is an important part of education, and the foundation of logical thought, facing and meeting challenges, and persevering with tough tasks, helped Mill through his mental crisis. I still really like Mill, and though I’m obviously no where near the extreme of his life, I identify to some extent with the way he thinks, the way he was raised, and the personal struggles he’s had to work through on his own.

Case Study †Catfish Dispute

â€Å"The Vietnamese catfish importers are enjoying the fruits of our work,† This was the main discontent of the domestic (US) catfish industry. Undoubtedly, the catfish farmers had put a lot of effort in improving the aquaculture technology to raise the catfish with better quality; thus, raised the demand of domestic market. At the same time, they had invested about US$50 million in the industry’s marketing. When catfish became the third favorite seafood of the American, leading to a total consumption of 275 million kilograms in 2000, it inevitably attracted people to get in the market.However, based on the fact that the US Congress had approved the U. S. -Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA) with a reduction in tariff, it was the right for American importers to start the new business – importing Vietnamese catfish. The agreement was approved by the Congress due to the important reason: the trade benefits. To capture these benefits, they had to undertake the possible risks. Indeed, it was a fair game played by both parties. From the article, it was clear that one of the sources of discontent from domestic farmers was the quality considerations difference between the American-grew and Vietnam-grew catfish.The quality of US catfish is justified by the inspection of 17 federal agencies and can meet the standard of the Catfish Institute of America, whereas the Vietnamese catfish only need to pass the Food and Drug Administration’s approval. This preferential practice should not sustain. The authority should consider standardize the quality requirement of both places’ catfish, for example, make it compulsory for Vietnamese catfish products to undergo the same inspections as the US catfish. Or at least, ask for proof of quality issued by Vietnamese government for all imported catfish.

Jungs View of Religion Essay

I will be explaining Jung understands and his views of religion. Jung first starts with the key concept of the mind which is the three concepts of consciousness – consciousness, personal unconsciousness and the collective consciousness. Consciousness is where we actively make decisions and choices. The thoughts are based on a sensory experience e. g. the things we see, smell, hear, touch and taste. These are directly accessible. The personal conscious is out thoughts, feelings, urges which are difficult to bring to the consciousness and they are not directly accessible. They have been environmentally determined. The collective unconsciousness is inherited and the thoughts are shared by everyone – archetypes (inherited ideas: first prints or partners that form the basic blue print for major dynamic counterparts of the human personality. ) Jung believes that the archetypes pre exist in the collective unconscious of humanity. They determine how we both perceive and behave. Archetypes are the source of the ideas or images that is inherited instead of the ideas themselves. The experiences you have construct/create uniform images. We inherit a functional disposition to produce the same or very similar ideas not inherit the idea. This is the reason for a dream dictionary, for example a person could be dreaming that their friend is falling. So the falling is the image drawn from the archetype and the friend is from their experience. So the collective unconscious means that many of our ideas will be shared with people. There are different types of shared archetype examples are: the person – this is the mask that covers out true natures for the benefit of society. The mask could be good impressions of what is expected of us by others or the false impression to manipulate others behaviour and opinions. In our dreams the may manifest itself in images of ourselves appearing at a party in disguise. The shadow – this is our darker sides of us. In dreams it might reveal itself in the form of personification of evil e. g. Satan or monster. It could be deeper of our personality identity beings to be lost and individuals experience the chaos of getting closer to the material structure of psychic life. This commonly is found in the woods. The animus – is the masculine side of a female. They may appear as an exotic, sensual, young man or as heroes. The anima – is the female side of a male. They may appear as a  dancing girl, seductresses or goddess. Jung believes that the way neuroses(mental illness is caused by being psychically imbalanced) occurs is that it arises from being psychically imbalanced (so we become mentally ill if the when the psychic energy – psychological energy by which the work of the personality is performed isn’t flowing as well as it could. To maintain mental health all of the features of the personality need to be balanced so the psychic flows properly. There needs to be a balance between conscious and unconscious and the different archetype. If you fail to do this according to Jung this causes a mental disorder. Jung says through individuation (figuring out who you are and becoming your own self) you become psychically balanced personality through the addition of the range of archetypes into the conscious personality. There are two main process of individuation; the first part is when they come to terms with the outer environment with its challenges through work, friendship and relationship. The second part is from a middle age onwards is to come to terms with one’s own personality. For example a mid-life crisis, this is when someone is in the middle of their life they want what they never had in their youth age e.g. a sports car. They want to become psychically balanced as they missed out when they was youths. The things that come from the archetype such as images or thoughts are considered to be religious. Jung redefines religious thought as the numinous. This relies on Rudolf Otto’s understanding of the religious or numinous experience. According to Otto’s a numinous experience affects our consciousness which is caused by something external to our consciousness. Any experience which is archetypal in origin can be stated as religious. All archetypal images are ineffable (indescribable) . Our images of god are themselves archetypal. The concept of god is one of these primordial images (an archetype). Everyone is born with the tendency to generate religious images of god and angels . the actual image that we have of god are through our experiences in the world. An example of a case study is where Miss Miller had a dream about a moth’s desire for light. Jung said this parallel between god and light can be found in countless religious traditions e. g. the Aztec preoccupation with the sun and the Christian view of Jesus as ‘light of the world’. The role of religion is the process of individuation. The two reasons he gave was the self archetype this guides and controlled the innate process of individuation. Individuation is a religious process. The second reason is the self archetype generates images of wholeness. For example the mandala – means circle and is perfectly balanced, the design is symmetrical which represents the balance and wholeness same with Islamic art instead the repetitive patterns to show his eternality. Jung argues that god images are beneficial to our health. The images are used by the mind to individuate the personality, the personality then achieve its goal of integration. Religion now becomes clear, the ones that reject religion are therefore less likely to individuate successfully and is most likely to experience neurosis as a result. Jung concludes that the existence of an actual god is similar to Freud’s – there is no proof either way. We don’t know where the archetype actually comes from and we don’t know the origin of the-psyche because there are ineffable. As a psychic reality – god is real to those who experience the effect of archetypes. Jung always considered religious beliefs to be a natural expression of the collective unconscious.

John Lewis, Civil Rights Activist and Elected Politician

John Lewis, Civil Rights Activist and Elected Politician John Lewis is currently a United States Representative for the Fifth Congressional District in Georgia. But during the 1960s, Lewis was a college student and served as chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). Working first with other college students and later with prominent civil rights leaders, Lewis helped to end segregation and discrimination during the Civil Rights Movement. Early Life and Education John Robert Lewis was born in Troy, Ala., on February 21, 1940. His parents, Eddie and Willie Mae both worked as sharecroppers to support their ten children.   Lewis attended the Pike County Training High School in Brundidge, Ala., When Lewis was a teenager, he became inspired by the words of Martin Luther King Jr by listening to his sermons on the radio. Lewis was so inspired by Kings work that he began preaching at local churches. When he graduated from high school, Lewis attended the American Baptist Theological Seminary in Nashville. In 1958, Lewis traveled to Montgomery and met King for the first time. Lewis wanted to attend the all-white Troy State University and sought the civil rights leaders help in suing the institution. Although King, Fred Gray, and Ralph Abernathy offered Lewis legal and financial assistance, his parents were against the lawsuit. As a result, Lewis returned to American Baptist Theological Seminary. That fall, Lewis began attending direct action workshops organized by James Lawson. Lewis also began to follow the Gandhian philosophy of nonviolence, becoming involved in student sit-ins to integrate movie theaters, restaurants, and businesses organized by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). Lewis graduated from American Baptist Theological Seminary in 1961. The SCLC considered Lewis one of the most dedicated young men in our movement. Lewis was elected to the board of SCLC in 1962 to encourage more young people to join the organization. And by 1963, Lewis was named chairman of SNCC. Lewis married Lillian Miles in 1968. The couple had one son, John Miles. His wife died in December of 2012. Civil Rights Activist At the height of the Civil Rights Movement, Lewis was the chairman of SNCC. Lewis established Freedom Schools and the Freedom Summer. By 1963, Lewis was considered on the Big Six leaders of the Civil Rights Movement which included Whitney Young, A. Philip Randolph, James Farmer Jr., and Roy Wilkins. That same year, Lewis helped plan the March on Washington and was the youngest speaker at the event. When Lewis left SNCC in 1966, he worked with several community organizations before becoming community affairs director for the National Consumer Co-Op Bank in Atlanta. Lewis' Career in Politics In 1981, Lewis was elected to the Atlanta City Council. In 1986, Lewis was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. Since his election, he has been reelected 13 times. During his tenure, Lewis ran unopposed in 1996, 2004 and 2008. He is considered a liberal member of the House and in 1998, The Washington Post said that Lewis was a fiercely partisan Democrat but†¦also fiercely independent. Atlanta Journal-Constitution said that Lewis was the only former major civil rights leader who extended his fight for human rights and racial reconciliation to the halls of Congress. And those who know him, from U.S. Senators to 20-something congressional aides, call him conscience of Congress. Lewis serves on the Committee on Ways and Means. He is a member of the Congressional Black Caucus, Congressional Progressive Caucus and Congressional Caucus on Global Road Safety. Lewis' Awards Lewis was awarded the Wallenberg Medal from the University of Michigan in 1999 for his work as an activist of civil and human rights. In 2001, the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation awarded Lewis with the Profile in Courage Award.   The following year Lewis received the Spingarn Medal from the NAACP. In 2012, Lewis was awarded LL.D degrees from Brown University, Harvard University and the University of Connecticut School of Law.

Discuss Williams dramatic presentation of Blanche Essay Example

Discuss Williams dramatic presentation of Blanche Essay Example Discuss Williams dramatic presentation of Blanche Paper Discuss Williams dramatic presentation of Blanche Paper A Streetcar Named Desire makes it clear that for Williams the act of fleeing always becomes the act of reliving the past. Flight forces the presence of the past on his characters as the presence of what they attempted to flee. ’ Discuss William’s dramatic presentation of Blanche. Blanche is portrayed as a complex, delusional, psychotic character in denial, shown when she says at the conclusion ‘Is it the gentleman I was expecting from Dallas? ’ when there is no gentleman. This is done through William’s use of dramatic language and style ‘She begins to speak with feverish vivacity’. Blanche is out of place in Scene One where her clothes are described as ‘incongruous to the setting’. She is out of place geographically, having been exiled from Laurel because of the turmoil with her husband committing suicide and her relationship with a student. She portrays herself as a Southern Belle in Laurel and continues this in New Orleans-she is a lost soul. She has moved from a large estate, Belle Reve, to sharing a small apartment. She is portrayed as having money but she didn’t buy Belle Reve, it was handed down to her but she never admits to having nothing. Her clothes reflect the kind of person she is, they are always ‘off white’ because she is not pure and are similar to that of a moth which is referred to in the play because of how Blanche reacts to the light, ‘I like it dark, the dark is comforting’. In biblical terms ‘light’ is the same as ‘truth’ and Blanche lies throughout the play. Williams is keen to convey to the audience how vulnerable she is in the first scene, ‘her shoulders slightly hunched’ however as the play develops the audience becomes less sympathetic towards her. Blanche shows how snobby she is which is seen as pathetic and the audience pity her because of the way she is reacting. She believes she is above everyone when she realises where Stella lives, ‘This-can this-be her home? ’ This is ironic because it is Blanche who has lost her home and has all of her belongings in a suitcase. William’s creates a very dismal scene when Blanche is on her own in Stella’s house, describing the inside of the house; ‘The surrounding areas dim out as the interior is lighted. Two rooms can be seen, not too clearly defined. And then suddenly she notices the alcohol and there is a change which is the first sign of Blanche being an alcoholic. Blanche is described as ‘springing’ up to get to the alcohol and ‘tosses’ it down and Williams uses the same wording to describe how Blanche reacts to Stella coming into the room which shows the relationship Blanche has with alcohol. She displays the behaviour of an alcoholic by ‘carefully replacing the bottle and washing out the tumbler’. She acts like she has not seen the alcohol when Stella comes in, ‘while I look around for some liquor! ’ Blanche is in denial about being an alcoholic-she tells Stella ‘your sister hasn’t turned into a drunkard’ and this is true for the other parts of Blanche’s life. When Blanche commences her talk about Belle Reve and what her life has been like, the audience gets the sense of her delusional state of mind which could be perceived as madness and this continues through the play; ‘I received a telegram from an old admirer of mine’. Dramatically Williams creates the effect of Blanche losing her composure and control and turning into a tragic wreck, ‘Blanche begins to shake again with intensity’. The repetition and pause between ‘the loss†¦ the loss’ show how traumatised Blanche is with losing Belle Reve. When Blanche is describing all the deaths in her family it is as though she has gone into her own world and, although talking to Stella, she is convincing herself how hard it was for her. Williams uses dramatic imagery, ‘Sometimes their breathing is hoarse, and sometimes it rattles’ to create sympathy. Blanche uses ‘honey’ to distract from the fact that she is being mean to Stella and accusing her. Blanche portrays a different nature towards the end of her speech, becoming more forceful, ‘Where were you. In bed with your –Polack! ’ Then, again, she suddenly changes to a different tone, ‘Oh, Stella, Stella, you’re crying! ’ as though she is surprised that she has upset her. This is a way of gaining sympathy because she acts like she didn’t realise how rude she was being-it also shows the start of a mental illness with Blanche not being able to control everything she does all the time. This creates a dramatic tension because Williams changes the personality of Blanche so quickly that the reader cannot understand her fully. Throughout the play Blanche has various mood swings, such as with Mitch. In Scene Two, Blanche is very pleasant towards Stanley, ‘I’m going to ask a favour of you in a moment’ and then, suddenly, she changes to a fierce tone, ‘The touch of your hands insults them! ’ There is dramatic irony in this scene also because Blanche doesn’t want to say why she has moved from Laurel, ‘I†¦Uh’ and as the play continues she develops even more elaborate stories, but she says to Stanley that women should ‘(lay) cards on the table. ’ This shows Blanche is a hypocrite and the tension between her and Stanley over this leads of her breakdown, especially after the rape. Scene Ten is a tragic scene because Blanche is upset from her confrontation Mitch, ‘Blanche has been drinking fairly steadily’ and the audience start to fully realise the state of her mind ‘decked herself out in a somewhat soiled and crumpled white satin evening gown’ which shows the change from the beginning where she always wanted to look her best and didn’t wear white. She looks in the mirror and then ‘slams it face down with such violence that the glass cracks. ’ This is a dramatic and symbolic action and breaking a mirror is also considered bad luck so it makes the audience foreshadow the tragic outcome. The tension between Blanche and Stanley gradually builds until Blanche becomes terrified and is raped. The shadows are described as ‘grotesque and menacing’ which makes the scene powerful and Williams intention is for it to seem like there are more people intent on hurting Blanche than are actually there. This also plays with Blanche’s mind and portrays her mental instability. Blanche sits down ‘wearily’ which shows the audience that Blanche is gradually giving up. Tragedy is defined as ‘An event causing great suffering, destruction and distress’ and this scene is compiled of all three. Blanche suffers from the way Stanley behaves towards her and Stella suffers afterwards in not knowing who to believe, ‘I couldn’t believe her story and go on living with Stanley. ’ There is great distress from Blanche in this scene because she is scared about what will happen, ‘Stay back! Don’t you come towards me†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Williams creates drama and tension by not saying what happens between Blanche and Stanley. Like Stella, the audience have to make their own judgment as to whom to believe. Blanche commands the audience’s attention throughout, which is what she wants with the other characters too. She wants to have a hold over people, particularly men. This is shown when the audience can see that her late husband didn’t want to marry her, but she forced him to. When she is describing how she fell in love with him, she says ‘It was like you suddenly turned a blinding light on’ which is different to how she lives now with not wanting to be near a strong light. A young boy comes to deliver a paper to the house and although Blanche doesn’t know him she flirts with him. She wants to know that she can still have a hold over men even though she is older, ‘You make my mouth water’. Williams creates suspense by Blanche hinting at the reason she had to leave Laurel, ‘but I’ve got to be good and keep my hands off children. ’ Overall, the last scene also defines tragedy, ‘A serious play in which the chief character passes through a series of misfortunes leading to a final, devastating catastrophe. ’ The scene is made more dramatic by being extended, to prolong Blanche’s ordeal. Blanche is having a bath, again, to wash away the guilt and her past, and, ‘The atmosphere of the kitchen is now the same raw, lurid one of the disastrous poker night. ’ which creates dramatic tension because the audience can sense, like Blanche, that something bad will happen. However, Blanche, being the self-centred person that she is, thinks that the reason everyone is sombre is her appearance, ‘Is something wrong with me? ’ This is ironic because mentally there is something wrong with her. There is reference to her old life, ‘I have always depended on the kindness of strangers’ and Blanche shows that she trusts men over woman by doing what the doctor wants but not the matron. This is ironic because men have been the ones hurting her over the years, for example, she was in love with her husband and he was homosexual, she has been used for sex by soldiers and Stanley hasn’t been nice to her. Blanche shows how hurt she is by Stella and Stanley by ‘(walking) on without turning.