A New Theory of Dinosaur Evolution

Its not often that a scholarly paper about dinosaur evolution shakes up the world of paleontology and is covered in major publications like The Atlantic and The New York Times. But that is exactly what has happened with a paper published in the British magazine Nature, A New Hypothesis of Dinosaur Relationships and Early Dinosaur Evolution, by Matthew Baron, David Norman and Paul Barrett, on March 22, 2017. What makes this paper so revolutionary? To grasp this requires a quick briefing on the currently existing, widely accepted theory about the origin and evolution of dinosaurs. According to this scenario, the first dinosaurs evolved from archosaurs about 230 million years ago, during the late Triassic period, in the part of the supercontinent Pangea that corresponds to modern-day South America. These first, small, relatively undifferentiated reptiles then split off into two groups over the next few million years: saurischian, or lizard-hipped, dinosaurs, and ornithischian, or bird-hipped, dinosaurs. Saurischians include both plant-eating sauropods and meat-eating theropods, while ornithischians comprise everything else (stegosaurs, ankylosaurs, hadrosaurs, etc.). The new study, based on a lengthy, detailed analysis of dozens of dinosaur fossils, presents a different scenario. According to the authors, the ultimate ancestor of dinosaurs originated not in South America, but in the part of Pangea roughly corresponding to modern-day Scotland (one proposed candidate is the obscure, cat-sized   Saltopus). The first true dinosaur, moreover, is proposed to be Nyasasaurus, which originated  in the part of Pangea corresponding to modern-day Africa--and which lived 247 million years ago, ten million years earlier than previously identified first dinosaurs like Eoraptor. More importantly, the study completely rearranges the lowest branches of the dinosaur family tree. In this account, dinosaurs are no longer divided into saurischians and ornithischians; rather, the authors propose a group called Ornithoscelidae (which lumps in theropods along  with ornithischians) and a redefined Saurischia (which now includes sauropods and the family of meat-eating dinosaurs called herrerasaurs, after the early South American dinosaur Herrerasaurus). Presumably, this classification helps account for the fact that many ornithischian dinosaurs possessed theropod-like characteristics (bipedal postures, grasping hands, and in some species, even feathers), but its further implications are still being worked out. How important is all this for the average dinosaur enthusiast? Despite all the hype, not very. The fact is that the authors are looking back to a very opaque time in dinosaur history, when the earliest branches of the dinosaur family tree had yet to be established, and when it would have been virtually impossible for an observer on the ground to distinguish between a profusion of  two-legged archosaurs, two-legged theropods, and two-legged ornithischians. Turn the clock ahead tens of millions of years to the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, and everything pretty much remains unchanged--Tyrannosaurus Rex is still a theropod, Diplodocus is still a sauropod, all is right with the world. How have other paleontologists reacted to the publication of this paper? There is widespread agreement that the authors have done careful, detailed work, and that their conclusions deserve to be taken seriously. However, there are still some objections being voiced about the quality of the fossil evidence, especially as it pertains to the earliest dinosaurs, and most scientists agree that additional, confirming evidence will be needed before books on dinosaur evolution have to be rewritten. In any case, it will take years for this research to filter out to the general public, so theres no need to worry just yet about how to pronounced ornithoscelidae.

Essay Aging and Disability Worksheet - 1522 Words

Aging and Disability Worksheet Part 1 Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population 1. Health 2. Job security 3. Lack of respect from the younger youth 1. What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is a negative bias against a person or group of people on the grounds of age. Ageism or age discrimination is stereotyping against individuals or groups because of their age. It is usually focused on two targets: young adults and older adults, but it can affect any employee of any age. It shows in many researches that women are likely to experience the effect of such action before the age of 21 and the age of 40, as with men that are under the age of 18 and over the age of 50.†¦show more content†¦Women also has a disadvantage because they are the ones that give childbirth and most stay home and be housewife’s. Part 2 1. What does the ADA provide for people with disabilities? The ADA is â€Å"American’s with Disabilities Act. It makes it illegal to discriminate based on disability in several areas of life. It forbids discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, and service rendered by the state and even the local government. This law helps people with epilepsy, spinal cord injuries, and even Aids and many more disabilities that are covered under this act. A person that is in a wheelchair has the same rights that people that can walk them just need accommodations that will help them get the job done. There are many disabilities that are over looked in the work place and this act helps the disabled keep the job (http://www.ada.gov/). 2. How have people with disabilities been treated in the past? I feel that people with disabilities have been treated without respect in the past. It isn’t their fault that they are disabled. Many insurance companies would not even pay medical bills for someone that is disabled in the past, it was a fighting battle. And many people that would see someone that is missing a leg or their face is deformed, people would stare and laugh at them, which would is worse for them to deal with their disabilities. Many mean people would call people names with disabilities like â€Å"Freak†,Show MoreRelatedAging and Disability Worksheet1334 Words   |  6 PagesAssociate Program Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1. Loss of loved ones 2. Mobility 3. Discrimination due to age Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢ What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is prejudice against a group who is of old age and discriminated against solely based on theirRead MoreAging and Disability Worksheet1910 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Associate Program Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1. Health Issues 2. Income and Economic Welfare 3. Neglect and Abuse Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is a form of discrimination and prejudice, particularly experienced by seniors. Most seniorsRead MoreAging and Disability Worksheet Part I Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesAssociate Program Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1. Ageism 2. Social isolation 3. Retirement Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢ What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is a form of discrimination. Ageism is being prejudice against someone because of their age. NormallyRead MoreDiversity Worksheet1946 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ Appendix I Aging and Disability Worksheet University of Phoenix ETH/125 Rob Fralick February 23, 2014 Associate Program Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1 Health 2 Income 3 Lonliness Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is prejudice and discriminationRead MoreEssay on Eth125 R8 Disability Diversity1763 Words   |  8 PagesAssociate Program Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1. Lack of security for the future (social security dwindling) 2. Unable to afford being able to retire 3. Being alone Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢ What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is prejudice or discriminationRead MoreHotel/Motel Market Analysis 23903 Words   |  16 Pagessoftware for developing hotel and motel financial projections are available through University of Wisconsin-Extension Center for Community Economic Development. Conducting Your Analysis The sections that follow include data collection checklists and worksheets. While the section on projecting occupancy and average room rate should be the final step, the other sections can be completed in any order. Remember that your efforts in studying the market will provide you with information to make better,Read MoreDaily Physical Activity Can Improve Exercise Tolerance And Functional Capacity5823 Words   |  24 Pagestest for evidence-based practice. Introduction Over six million American’s have a diagnosis of heart failure with a projected 670,000 new cases per year (Braunwald, 2012). People over the age of 70 carry the greatest burden of chronic disease, disability, and health care use (Guralnik, Leveielle, Hirsch, Ferrucci, Fried, 1997). Participation in physical activity is crucial for health, and walking accounts for much of the physical activity undertaken by sedentary individuals and those with chronicRead MoreEvaluating The Viability Of A Business Idea By Providing An Overview4953 Words   |  20 Pagesfirst five years, Stacy’s Helping Hand plans to operate in the Central Valley. The store, located in central Porterville, serves the different neighboring cities and counties. The target market is those requiring special assistance, because of disabilities or age preventing them from doing everyday living tasks. Why Stacy’s Helping Hand for Special Needs? The aisles at many stores, especially Wal-Mart, constantly cluttered and located too close together, making it difficult for consumers to shopRead MoreContent Analysis of Focus Group Data7519 Words   |  31 Pagesself through change. Focus group research is established as a method for gaining in-depth understanding of the perceptions of individuals within a group. In this format, individual participants share their perceptions of everyday phenomena such as aging, emergencies, sports events, or interventions (Hu, Rao, Hu, SC Sur, 2007; Jones, Richeson, Croteau, Farmer, 2009). Morgan (1996) describes the advantage of focus group research as the learning that is achieved through moderated group interactionRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagestechnology or health care. The increase in the technology jobs is due to the rapid increase in the use of information technology, such as databases, system design and analysis, and desktop publishing. The health care jobs are growing as a result of the aging of the U.S. population and workforce, a factor discussed later. Chapter 1 Changing Nature of Human Resource Management 5 FIGURE 1—1 The 10 Occupations with the Fastest Employment Growth, 1996—2006 Numbers in Thousands of Jobs Occupation Database

Henry Ford Essay Research Example For Students

Henry Ford Essay Research Henry Ford was known for mass producing cars and for the first time the average family had the chance to own one. Henry was born to the name Henry William Ford. His parents William and Mary Litigot Ford were married in 1862 waiting just one year to have Henry as their first born on July 30, 1863 in Springwells Michigan a suburb of Dearborn. His childhood was an average for a farm boy. He went to a couple of different farm schools through out his boyhood. When he was not studying he working on the farm or reading one of his fathers McGruffy Readers just for fun. Just like any boy he did not like to work on the farm, but instead of not doing it he did it while day dreaming of building a machine that would cut work time dramatically. For his birthday at the age of twelve he was given a watch. It was not long after that he started to take it apart, study it, then put it back together. When people noticed how good a job he did on his own watch people gave him theirs to fix. One day when his father approached him and asked Henry why he was doing it for free he said, Why should I charge when I enjoy doing it so much. He fixed watches until 17 when he left school and walked to Detroit to get a job at Michigan Car Works making repairs for $1.10 a day. He then received a apprenticing job at Dry Dock Engine Company where he was a natural at designing engines and repairing them. After mastering the machinists trade he went back home to go to a small business college for three months. At home he met and courted Clara Bryant a daughter of a neighboring farmer. They were wed on April 11, 1888. Their home was on a 40 acre farm his father had given him. He was not happy working on a farm and Clara knew it. So she insisted on them moving to Detroit whether or not he had a job. Luckily he found a job fairly quickly and he began doing what he loved and wanted to do build cars. He designed and built a car in a shed behind his house on Bagley Avenue. People were in awe when he would ride about town almost bragging that he had built a car. Soon after he was working as chief engineer at Detroit Edison Co. making $1,800 a year; an extremely high salary for the 90s. At the same time business man after business man approached Henry offering him great sums of money to build their cars in his spare time. In 1901 Henry and many investors started the Henry Ford Company with $60,000. This project was short lived though because of disagreements with Ford and investors. After a short time he met Alex Malcomson and started the Ford ; Malcomson Company but again the company failed because of money troubles. After another short time he met James Couzens. In June 1901 with Alex, James, and eight other investors Henry started the Ford Motor Company. Ford made Couzens in charge of money, Malcomson in charge of production, and Ford himself began designing the cars. With $100,000 of capital Ford was soon to produce the Fordmobile, later know as the Model A, on the market for $850. Utility, not beauty was Fords aim, but the Model A was not an instant success.This did not faze Ford he was quick in introducing the Model B for $2,000. Again the B was not an instant success. So Ford presented the Model C a cheaper more reliable Model B. The C did catch on. Ford then moved his company to much bigger pl ant and produced five more cars. In 1908 Henry began designing the T. He introduced it to the public, the demand became so great he had to create mass production. It was to become Fords best known car, a noisy, uncomfortable, unattractive , but efficient automobile (Current Biography 218). After a half a million Ts on the road it was center of jokes and cartoons which Ford recognized as good advertising. The company was then worth $2,000,000. Due to the workers reports of demoralizing speed and monotony, nobody wanted to work for Ford. Lawyers wanted to get into the act finding workers that would be willing to sue Ford. Henry then made an unprecedented announcement in January 1914 that workers would make a minimum wage of $5.00 a day for an eight hour work day. These reports ended as quickly as they started. One immediate result of the new wage announcement was the appearance of hundreds of workers clamoring for work. Many were dispersed when a fire hose was turned on them. .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f , .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f .postImageUrl , .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f , .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f:hover , .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f:visited , .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f:active { border:0!important; } .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f:active , .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5c8d0ba37afa4a8fe9eba5f22112bd7f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Geology of The Massif Montgris EssayFord was not in favor of war. Though when asked by President Wilson to help in building war ships for the first World War he was quick to do it. He built motors, cylinders, caisons, steel helmets, and Eagle boats. In 1919 he was also called an anarchist by the Chicago Tribune who wrote a column in their paper stating that Ford was against the expedition into Mexico in pursuit of Villa. The suit was found in Fords favor and he was awarded six cents in damages. The Dearborn Independent, a paper that Ford owned, started to publish attacks on Jews collectively and individually stating that they were going to take over the world. From thi s he was called a Nazi and an anti-Semite. He later retracted through the paper and a pamphlet and asked for forgiveness and friendship with the Jews. On December 31, 1918 Henry Ford resigned from the company presidency in favor of his son, Edsel Ford. Couzens and Malcomson did the same and in turn Henry bought all the remaining stock for his family. Henry retired as a trustee in the motor company living with his wife on a farm in Dearborn for many years. In 1943 the entire Ford empire shook. Edsel Ford died. Henry then took over the company on account of Edsels son Henry II not yet experienced enough to run the company. On April 7, 1947 Henry Ford died. Known for making a low priced, high quality automobile and introducing mass production into the car market Henry revolutionized the automobile industry. In just a few days marking the fiftieth anniversary of his death everyone should look back and see just how he made the world a better place to live in by just making a inexpensive automobile.

1920s and the Great Depression free essay sample

Great Depression contrasted each-other in many ways when it came to the economy, social, and politics. In the 1920’s the economy was at its high point. The unemployment rate was below 5% and new inventions were coming out all the time. People could always go out and have a good time whether it was a baseball game or going to the movies. By the end of the 1920’s and into the great depression, people were lucky if you could do these things once a year. During the great depression 30% of people in the United States were without a job and the economy had hit rock bottom. The economy during the 1920’s was at its high point with new inventions, people could afford everything because of installment plans, and almost everyone was invested in the stock market. In the 1920’s many new things were coming out. Radios allowed people to listen to music or sports games, assembly lines helped to make new products faster and cheaper, Airplanes were being flown from country to country, and Traffic Lights were being used to help control traffic. We will write a custom essay sample on 1920s and the Great Depression or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even simple things like cheeseburgers or toasters were invented at this time and it was all helping the economy boom. This was also when installment plans came out. Installment plans are credit systems where payment for merchandise/items is made in installments over a pre-approved period of time. Because of this, people could afford everything and pay it back at a later time. Installment plans were especially helpful in purchasing things like the Ford Model T Car. The stock market also played a huge role during this time. People were buying stocks and were almost certainly guaranteed to make more money. Almost everyone at this time was invested in the stock market and some had their whole life savings put into it. It was a get rich quick system that no one expected to fail. They probably should have been a bit more cautious. The economy during the great depression was completely opposite from the 1920s. The stock market had crashed, bank failures left people with no money, and the domino effect of purchasing goods made people lose even more jobs. One of the biggest reasons the economy was booming in the 1920s was because of the stock market, until it crashed. Two months after the original crash in October, stockholders had lost more than $40 billion dollars. Even though the stock market began to regain some of its losses, by the end of 1930, it just was not enough and America truly had entered the Great Depression. The crash of the stock market left people scrambling for their money. Because of this, throughout the great depression over 9,000 banks failed. Bank deposits were uninsured and thus as banks failed people simply lost their savings. Surviving banks, unsure of the economic situation and concerned for their own survival, stopped being as willing to create new loans. This caused lots of people to be without much money and they just couldnt afford to spend money on things they didnt need. Because of this individuals from all classes stopped purchasing items. This then led to a reduction in the number of items produced and then a reduction in jobs because companies couldnt afford to keep their employees. As people lost their jobs, they were unable to keep up with paying for items they had bought through installment plans and they lost these things. The unemployment rate skyed up to 30% which meant even less spending for people. The economy had hit rock bottom and the great depression left people without money, jobs, and in a lot of cases their house. In the ‘roaring twenties’ social life was changing rapidly with things like baseball games, movies, and new types of music. Baseball is what people call ‘americas pastime’ because anyone could afford it and it was for any and all people. Baseball got really popular during this time and attendance was at its highest. Also during this time people were turning to movies as new forms of movies were being made. Movies werent short anymore and in most cases now had audio. People were fascinated by this and movies became a very popular thing in the 1920s. Lastly, new forms of music were also coming out. The â€Å"jazz age† featured many new artists and a new form of music called ‘jazz’ that was very fun and later turned into ‘pop’. Because of new inventions like the radio people could listen to Jazz at all times and it became VERY popular. During the great depression though, people could no longer afford all these things so social life began to change. People could maybe afford to see a movie once a year. Baseball attendance was at its lowest because people simply couldnt afford it anymore. Most people still had a radio to listen to music but it wasnt the same as going out to watch an artist. The great depression forced a lot of people to not have this type of entertainment anymore because of how poor everyone had become. In the 1920s, all the presidents were good and the economy was booming. Also during this time, new laws were coming out which all helped further the economy and help make United States a better country after world war one. The Palmer raids, the Red Scare, a drive to get â€Å"reds out of the country† began on January 3, 700 people were arrested. Shortly after this the 18th Amendment went into effect, prohibiting the making, selling, possessing, and drinking of alcoholic beverages. This would then be repealed in 1933. By the 1920s, many Americans had grown tired of war and constant attempts at reform, including numerous attempts to pass moral legislation. Many people wanted a simpler way of life. Warren G. Hardings policy was a return to normalcy which helped him win the 1921 election. In 1924 after Hardings death, Calvin Coolidge would win the election by a landslide and helped the economy out further. Four years later in 1928 Herbert Hoover won the election promising to build upon the booming economy Coolidge had left. He would then remain the president until the great depression. During the great depression people wanted someone to blame and Hoover was the one people chose to because he was the President. Because of this president FDR won the next election easily as he promised a new start. Immediately FDR got to work in restoring the economy with the 1st new deal. These series of economic programs he initiated between 1933 and 1936 had the goals of giving work to the unemployed, reform of business and financial practices. He would then get to work on a second new deal which included labor union support, the WPA relief program, the Social Security Act, and programs to aid farmers. Because of these things he was able to get people jobs, the unemployment rate was cut in half by 1936 and in 1942 was down to less than 3%. FDR had restored faith in the economy and the country was back up and strong. The 1920s and the great depression were far different from each other in lots of ways. The economy had gone from the best it had ever been to the worst in just a few years and the economy was at its low point. For 10 years 30 percent of people in America were without jobs and many people didnt even have a place to live. FDR helped establish the economy again and by 1946 the country was in top shape. Only a percent of people were without jobs and United States and the economy was restored.